Mid-century modern design, as a whole, can be viewed as a large umbrella encompassing several related movements. They all share similar thematic values and aesthetics, but many of their key differences stem from cultural influences. For example, in the ‘50s and ‘60s, America was hyper-focused on the future and new advancements in technology, giving the rise to the space race-inspired style, known for its aerodynamic, ultra-modern forms and the use of synthetic materials.
The ways in which these movements came to be varied: some developed completely isolated from the design world (see Brazilian mid-century modern design), while others emerged from a mix of separate movements, such as Japandi. Japandi is the combination of two design styles – traditional Japanese and Scandinavian.
Traditional Japanese Design
Traditional Japanese design is exemplified by extreme minimalism, driven by the desire to create calm and relaxing spaces with very few distractions. These same principles play out in almost every aspect of mid-century modern design, with a pronounced emphasis on serenity stemming from a near total lack of visual distractions.
While many traditional western design movements push back against white as a predominant color, Japanese design embraces it to create a sense of light and weightlessness. Visual drama in these spaces is achieved through simplistic forms and shapes, clean lines, and, of course, the utilization of natural light. Post WWII era designers were eager to create spaces that instilled optimism, brightness, and clutter-free ambiance. A limited range of raw materials and an emphasis on “space” itself as a design element were intended to enrich and promote perception and imagination. These were far from boring or bland spaces; there was more genuine intention driving design choices than met the eye.
Typically, very light-toned woods such as birch and oak were used, alongside other natural elements like stone and glass. The difficulties in importing other materials and waste disposal led designers to focus on reusability and biodegradability. Visual harmony was elevated and achieved through complementary neutral shades and textures, with intentionally subtle variations that were crucial in making relatively small living spaces feel uncrowded yet fresh and cohesive. Functionality took precedence throughout, leading to modular furniture that could serve multiple purposes.
Japandi Design
The origins of Japandi design can be traced back to the mid 19th century, when Japan ended centuries of isolationism and encouraged its citizens to travel the world, gain new experiences and knowledge, and then bring those influences back to Japan. During this period art, architecture, and fashion from Europe, especially Scandinavia, began to impact Japanese design. The two cultures shared a common taste for light-filled, uncluttered living spaces that were not only aesthetically pleasing but also evoked a sense of calm and contentment. They also had a similar inclination for a restrained use of a limited range of materials, along with a high regard for incorporating nature into design.
In Japandi design, the focus is on simplicity rather than ornamentation. Line and form are kept straightforward, and a delicate balance is achieved between form, function, and aesthetics. Neutral color palates predominant, while soft, muted colors found in nature are introduced as accents. The usual pure white in traditional Japanese design is replaced with myriad variations of off-white, lending a sense of warmth and comfort to the space.
The fundamental aim of Scandinavian design is to create inviting spaces that are meticulously crafted to be cozy, promote togetherness, and evoke a sense of contentment – a principle known as hygge. In Japandi spaces, earthy hues are mixed with luxurious textiles, like velvet, brushed cotton, and muslin.
Both cultures also share a great love of refined, quality craftsmanship. In many Japanese furnishings, their sleek, ultra-simple appearance is achieved through nearly invisible intricate, highly detailed, woodworking. Beyond the typical woods used (walnut, oak, acorn, and teak), Japandi features more natural materials, such as rattan, wicker, cane, bamboo, and linen or cotton upholstery.
“Décor,” as it’s generally understood, is nearly absent in traditional Japanese design. Items are displayed throughout the home for their significance, rather than mere show. In Japandi design, however, décor is slightly more present in materials such as clay, terra cotta, concrete, glass, wood, and plants, which are an especially crucial part of the Japandi aesthetic. Neutral statement light fixtures and organic sculptural chairs are popular choices for adding visual interest without disrupting a space’s overall simplicity.
Achieving the Japandi aesthetic in your own spaces can be accomplished by using clean wood furnishings, ample natural light, and minimal décor or ornamentation. If you are looking to create living spaces that are light, clutter-free, and calming, Japandi design may be exactly what you are looking for. The simplicity of this design style also does not require much beyond intention, making it a relatively budget-friendly form of interior design.